Real estate notes blog

Agent Real Mail delivery agent

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

A Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) is software that accepts incoming e-mail messages and distributes them to recipients’ individual mailboxes (if the destination account is on the local machine), or forwards to another SMTP server (if the destination is on a remote server).

A mail delivery agent is not necessarily a mail transfer agent (MTA), although on many systems the two functions are implemented by the same program.

On Unix systems, procmail and maildrop are the most popular MDAs. LMTP is a protocol that is frequently implemented by network-aware MDAs.


See also

  • mail user agent (MUA)
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Market. Examples include income Market portfolio

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

A market portfolio is a portfolio consisting of a weighted sum of every asset in the market, with weights in the proportions that they exist in the market (with the necessary assumption that these assets are infinitely divisible).

Richard Roll’s critique (1977) states that this is only a theoretical concept, as to create a market portfolio for investment purposes in practice would necessarily include every single possible available asset, including real estate, precious metals, stamp collections, jewelry, and anything with any worth, as the theoretical market being referred to would be the world market. As a result, proxies for the market (such as the FTSE100 in the UK or the S&P500 in the US) are used in practice by investors. Roll’s critique states that these proxies cannot provide an accurate representation of the entire market.

The concept of a market portfolio plays an important role in many financial theories and models, including the Capital asset pricing model where it is the only fund in which investors need to invest, to be supplemented only by a risk-free asset (depending upon each investor’s attitude towards risk).


See also

Roll’s critique

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Real Edison Real Bird

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Edison Real Bird was the chairman of the Crow Nation Tribal council from 1966 to 1972. While in that position, he implemented several key democratic reforms, and oversaw the election of Pauline Small, the first woman to be elected in the Crow Nation.

The Edison Real Bird Memorial Complex is named in his honor.

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Estate Scott’s Real Estate Investment Trust

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Scott’s Real Estate Investment Trust is a real estate investment trust in Canada that owns over 500,000 square feet or retail properties in 7 provinces across the country. It is managed by JBM Properties.


External link

  • Company website
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Estate Kirkdale

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Kirkdale is the name of several places in the United Kingdom:

  • Kirkdale, an area of Liverpool
  • Kirkdale, North Yorkshire
  • Kirkdale, Galloway
  • Kirkdale School, Sydenham

Kirkdale Estate is featured in the book “The 39 Steps” by John Buchan.
The Hero of the book was named after the Owner of the Kirkdale Estate.

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Estate Executorial trustee

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

An executorial trustee is someone who is appointed to be an executor (the person who carries out the directions set forth in a will) and also be a trustee of an estate after the executors duties have been completed.

When dealing with large and lucrative estates this position generally does not exist in many cases so as not to create a conflict of interest. The remedy is usually to have an executor act in an arbitrary fashion and have no financial interest in how the estate will be divided up.

See also: inheritance

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Estate Taxable REIT subsidiaries

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Taxable REIT Subsidiaries (TRSs) allow real estate investment trusts (REITs) to more effectively compete with other real estate owners. They do this by providing services to tenants or third parties such as landscaping, cleaning or concierge, and they provide new earnings growth opportunities.


United States

The piece of legislation that enables “taxable REIT subsidiaries” to exist is the REIT modernization act (RMA), which became effective in 2001. The RMA allows REITs to own 100% of stock of a TRS that can provide services to REIT tenants (and others) without disqualifying rents that the REIT receives from tenants.

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Jim Jackson Jim Fitzpatrick

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Jim Fitzpatrick could refer to:

  • Jim Fitzpatrick (artist), an Irish artist
  • Jim Fitzpatrick (politician), a British politician
  • Jim Fitzpatrick (athlete), an American roller derby athlete, referee, and author
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Estate Closing statement

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Closing statement may refer to:

  • Closing argument, or “summation”, the concluding statement of each party’s counsel in a court case
  • Closing statement (real estate), a document describing a real estate transaction
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Estate Thorp Arch

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Thorp Arch can refer to the following places in England:

  • Thorp Arch Trading Estate, an industrial estate in Leeds
  • Thorp Arch (village), a village near Leeds
  • ROF Thorpe Arch, a former World War II Royal Ordnance Factory.
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Based in the Policy-based routing

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

In computer networking, policy-based routing (PBR) is a technique used to make routing decisions based on policies set by the network administrator.

When a router receives a packet it normally decides where to forward it based on the destination address in the packet, which is then used to look up an entry in a routing table. However, in some cases, there may be a need to forward the packet based on other criteria. For example, a network administrator might want to forward a packet based on the source address, not the destination address. This is also called source routing.

Policy-based routing may also be based on the size of the packet, the protocol of the payload, or some other characteristic. It can also be based on a combination of characteristics. Policy-based routing can be based on the source and the destination, that is, when the packet comes from this source and wants to go to that destination then route to this next hop or onto that specific interface. This permits routing over different links or towards different networks even while the destination is the same but depending on where the packet is originating from. This can be useful when interconnecting several private networks. If you have the possibility to design an architecture without IP overlaps, then that is highly recommended over using PBR.

In the Cisco IOS, PBR is implemented using route maps. See [[1]] for an example of using route maps.

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Estate Walton Court

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Walton Court is a housing estate in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England.

Through the 1990s the estate became well known as an area with a very high crime rate and parts of the estate have had to have been redesigned or rebuilt to overcome some of the difficulties. It remains an area of high social deprivation. Walton Court stretches from the A418 Oxford Road running down the South side of Churchill Avenue to Ellen Road. The estate was built during the 1970s as part of a major housing expansion. The land had formerly been farmland, and for some time was known as Walton Court Farm, after the estate.

Although mostly housing, Walton Court also has Ashmead Combined School (Nursery to Year 6), Mandeville Upper School (Year 7 to Sixth Form) and until the year 2000, Willowmead School. On Hannon Road is the Walton Court Shopping Centre and Walton Court Social Club. A new centre was opened in the former doctors surgery called the Healthy Living Centre which features a cafe, Internet Facilities and regular educational classes. This has provided a new focal point to the area.

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Real Miguel Corte-Real

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 31st, 2008

Miguel Corte-Real (pron. IPA //) (c.1448 – 1502?) was a 15th century Portuguese explorer.

He was a son of João Vaz Corte-Real and a brother of explorer Gaspar Corte-Real. Gaspar disappeared somewhere near Newfoundland in 1501. In May of the following year, Miguel set out an expedition to search for him, but he too disappeared. He is thought to have perished in a storm. Some scholars believe that Miguel Corte-Real carved inscriptions on the controversial Dighton Rock, along the Taunton River in what is today the U.S. state of Massachusetts. This interpretation assumes that Dighton Rock was, in fact, a crude Padrão, or Portuguese claim marker. If true, it would indicate that Corte-Real had survived for years after he was thought to have been lost at sea. The sole surviving brother, Vasco Anes Corte-Real, wished to sail in search of his brothers, but he was refused permission by the Portuguese monarch.


See also

  • Age of Discovery
  • Gaspar Corte-Real
  • Explorers
  • Portugal
  • Northwest Passage
  • List of people who have disappeared


External links

  • Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
  • The Corte-Real family and the Dighton rock mystery
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Property Semantic property

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

A semantic property consists of the components of meaning of a word. The component female is a semantic property of girl, woman, actress etc.


See also

  • Semantic class
  • Semantic feature
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Segment Martian packet

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

In a computer network, packets with source addresses not routable by some computer on a network segment are referred to as martians or “packets from Mars”, on the grounds that they are of no evident “terrestrial” (i.e. normal) source. Martian packets can arise from network equipment malfunction, misconfiguration of a host, or simple coexistence of two logical networks on a single physical layer. For instance, if the IP networks 192.168.34.0/24 and 10.2.3.0/24 operate on the same Ethernet segment, packets from 10.2.3.4 are Martians to the computer at 192.168.34.9, and vice versa.


See also

  • Bogon filtering
  • Christmas tree packet
  • Chernobyl packet
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Estate Mulvey Park

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

Mulvey Park was built as a city council estate in Windy Arbour, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland around 1948 and features a large grass park, named for a former local councillor, which is regularly used for football matches.

The estate is shaped like a single paddle, with a straight section leading in from the Dundrum Road as far as the grass park, and a further small cul-de-sac beyond. At the Central Mental Hospital side of the road, the houses are set back even further than in rest of the estate, with a further small grass space in front.

As is to be expected of council estates, house prices are affordable in Mulvey Park.

Notable Residents

Mulvey’s only notable resident is Niles O’Mahony, who has the best taste in music and nightclubs in the estate. He lives with one scaldy student and one Frank Ribery lookalike, yet maintains a positive outlook on life.

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Real estate trends Realogy Live (Sunny Day Real Estate album)

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

Live is a live album by American emo band Sunny Day Real Estate. A set list from the How it Feels to Be Something On tour, it was released in 1999 on Sub Pop. Sunny Day Real Estate was apparently displeased with the outcome of the record. However, their label Sub Pop apparently did not run the record by the band before releasing it to the public. This record is allegedly the reason why Sunny Day Real Estate left Sub Pop for another label.


Track listing

  1. “Pillars” – 5:01
  2. “Guitar and Video Games” – 4:18
  3. “The Blankets Were the Stairs” – 5:48
  4. “100 million” – 5:37
  5. “Every Shining Time You Arrive” – 4:31
  6. “Song About an Angel” – 6:21
  7. “The Prophet” – 6:02
  8. “J’Nuh” – 5:48
  9. “Rodeo Jones” – 5:08
  10. “In Circles” – 5:00
  11. “Days Were Golden” – 8:42
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In 1972. Ne Me Quitte Pas (Jacques Brel album)

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

Ne Me Quitte Pas (literally “don’t leave me”) is a studio album by Jacques Brel. It features a song of the same name which has been widely covered (by for example Nina Simone on I Put A Spell On You (1965) and Natacha Atlas on Ayeshteni (2001)), and was translated into numerous languages.


Track listing

  1. “Ne me quitte pas” (Jacques Brel)

    Recorded 20 June1972
  2. “Marieke” (Brel)
    Recorded 12 June1972
  3. “On n’Oublie Rien” (Brel)
    Recorded 12 June1972
  4. “Les Flamandes” (Brel)
    Recorded 12 June1972
  5. “Les Prénoms de Paris” (Brel)
    Recorded 12 June1972
  6. “Quand On a Que l’Amour” (Brel)
    Recorded 27 June1972
  7. “Les Biches” (Brel)
    Recorded 23 June1972
  8. “Le Prochain Amour” (Brel)
    Recorded 23 June1972
  9. “Le Moribond” (Brel)
    Recorded 20 June1972
  10. “La Valse à Mille Temps” (Brel)
    Recorded 27 June1972
  11. “Je ne Sais Pas” (Brel)
    Recorded 12 June1972


Personnel

  • François Rauber - orchestra conductor


External links

  • Jacques Brel

    Official website
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Of the Cendant Computer reservations system

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

A computer reservations system (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to travel. Originally designed and operated by airlines, they were later extended to travel agents as a sales channel; major CRS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated Global Distribution System companies, and many systems are now accessible to consumers through Internet gateways for hotel, rental cars, and other services as well as airline tickets.

Contents


Today’s challenges

The big four GDS are all facing challenges. Their system architectures are largely based on a mainframe TPF (Transaction Processing Facility) [1] framework which — while very reliable, and capable of tremendous workloads – has relatively little CPU power, and is exorbitantly expensive to maintain and enhance. The declining cost of modern server hardware and the relatively recent introduction of pricing, shopping, and booking software from vendors like ITA Software, has allowed many airlines to shift significant buying volume to their own websites, thereby avoiding GDS distribution fees of $4 or more per flight segment (on average a flight has 2.5 segments).

In recent years, all of the big four GDS companies have, to varying degrees, begun selectively migrating (or “offloading”) processes from their legacy mainframe platforms to service oriented architectures (SOA). By utilizing high-performance, lower cost open systems platforms in a Service-oriented architecture approach, they further improve their capacity to cost effectively handle a fast-rising “look-to-book” ratio, i.e. the number of shopping transactions compared to actual purchases. The explosive growth of this ratio was driven initially by the creation and utilization of robotic software and, more recently, by the rapid growth of consumers’ multi-site shopping behavior on the Internet.

Beginning in 2004, several companies – including Triton Distribution Systems, ITA Software, G2 Switchworks, Farelogix– claimed to be developing GDS alternatives. The new entrants tout lower fees and greater flexibility. The big four GDS companies cast doubt on their viability.

However, it is still very uncommon for a travel agency to operate without the use of at least one of the big four GDS systems. The GDS companies are playing catch up in the technology arena. All now have a browser based system; Sabre, Amadeus and Worldspan have full browser based solutions while Galileo still utilizes a VPN based system. Most, in one way or another, are aggregating webfares back into the GDS, and some airlines have agreed to post their webfares both to their own sites and on the GDS.

Many of these GDS’s have now started to integrate forward into the business, reaching out to the customers with their own websites, such as Expedia (formerly owned by IAC, but now spun off into a separate company called Expedia Inc.), Travelocity (owned by Sabre), Orbitz (formerly owned by Cendant, but now called Travelport and has been recently sold to Blackstone) and many others. These new entrants to the market have further eroded revenues at the GDS.

Today, each system allows an operator to locate and reserve inventory (for instance, an airline seat on a particular route at a particular time), find and process fares/prices applicable to the inventory (Revenue management, Variable pricing and Geo (marketing)), generate tickets and travel documents, and generate reports on the transactions for accounting or marketing purposes.

U.S. Department of Transportation regulations governing CRS’s were eliminated as of July 31, 2004. However, CRS’s remain subject to government regulations in Canada and the European Union. Since all of the major CRS’s operate globally, the most restrictive requirements — currently those of the EU Code of conduct for the use of computerised reservation systems — effectively govern their worldwide operations. The CRS/GDS companies have been lobbying Canada and the EU for worldwide deregulation of the industry.


Major Systems

Major Global Distribution Systems arranged in descending market share order
Name Created by Also used by Market share*
Amadeus

(based on Eastern Air Lines’ SystemOne)

  • Air France
  • Iberia
  • Lufthansa
  • SAS

Leading on-line travel agencies including

  • Amadeus.net
  • ebookers
  • Expedia
  • lastminute.com
  • Opodo
  • Rumbo

Over 150 Airline IT customers including

  • Air France
  • BMI
  • British Airways
  • Egypt Air
  • Etihad Airways
  • Finnair
  • Iberia
  • Icelandair
  • KLM
  • LAN Airlines
  • LOT Polish Airlines
  • Lufthansa
  • Qantas
  • Qatar Airways
  • SAS Scandinavian Airlines System
  • Spanair
  • South African Airways
  • Star Alliance
  • TACA Airlines
  • Thai Airways International
  • United Airlines Signed - Pending Migration from Galileo/Apollo

Over 70 Leading Airline Websites including

  • Air Canada
  • Air France
  • BMI
  • Cathay Pacific
  • China Airlines
  • China Eastern Airlines
  • Iberia
  • Lufthansa
  • Mexicana
  • Finnair
  • Qantas Airways
  • Singapore Airlines

Over 6,500 Hotel IT customers including

  • Accor
  • Delaware North Companies Parks & Resorts
  • Eclipse Hotels & Resorts
  • Golden Tulip
  • Le Meridien
  • Jolly Hotels
  • Park Plaza
31%
SABRE

(Partnership with Abacus and Qantas’ Fantasia)

  • American Airlines

Sabre partnership with Asian CRS Abacus who’s founding airlines are:

  • All Nippon Airways
  • Cathay Pacific Airways
  • China Airlines
  • Singapore Airlines

Sabre and JAL’s own proprietary CRS, Axess, signed a joint venture in September 1995.

  • Japan Airlines is apparently still using Axess for the time being.
  • American Airlines
  • Dragonair
  • EVA Airways
  • Garuda Indonesia
  • Malaysia Airlines
  • Pakistan International Airlines
  • Philippine Airlines
  • Royal Brunei Airlines
  • Silkair
  • Southwest Airlines
  • Travelocity
  • American Trans Air (ATA)
  • Midwest Airlines
  • Hawaiian Airlines
  • Alaska Airlines
  • Air Malta
  • Frontier Airlines
  • Aeroflot
  • GoGoBudget
  • Cape Air
  • Mesa Airlines (Including go! and Air Midwest)
  • Expedia
30.8%
Galileo by Travelport

(based on United Airlines’ Apollo, merged with Ansett’s Southern Cross)

  • Aer Lingus
  • Air Canada
  • Alitalia
  • British Airways
  • KLM
  • Swissair
  • TAP
  • US Airways
  • United Airlines
  • CheapTickets
  • Ebookers
  • Ixeo
26.4%
Worldspan by Travelport
  • Delta
  • Northwest
  • Trans World Airlines
  • Expedia
  • Orbitz
  • TravelHero
  • Travelcom Worldwide
  • Hotwire
  • Priceline
15.1%
  • Airline bookings, 2002.
  • In December, 2006, Travelport which owns the Galileo CRS agreed to buy and merge with the Worldspan GDS. The combined company would then control a 41.5% market share.

For other systems, see List of global distribution systems.


History

In the early days of commercial aviation, passengers were relatively few and each airline’s routes and fares were tightly regulated, in the United States by the Civil Aeronautics Board after 1940. These were published in a volume entitled the Official Airline Guide, from which travel agents or consumers could construct an itinerary, then call or telex airline agents who would mark the reservation on a card and file it. As the demand for and complexity of air travel expanded, however, this process soon became onerous and costly.

In 1946, American Airlines installed the first experimental automated booking system, the electromechanical Reservisor. A newer machine with temporary storage based on a magnetic drum soon followed, the Magnetronic Reservisor. This system proved fairly successful, and was soon being used by a number of airlines, Sheraton Hotels, and Goodyear for inventory control. However these systems were seriously hampered by the need for local human operators to do the actual lookups; ticketing agents would have to call into the booking office, whose operators would make requests to a small team operating the Reservisor and then speak the results back into the telephone. There was no way for the agents to directly query the system.

In 1953, Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA) started investigating a computerized system with remote terminals, testing one such concept on the University of Toronto’s Manchester Mark I machine that summer. Although successful, they found that input/output was a major problem. Ferranti Canada became involved in the project and suggested a new system using punch cards and a transistorized computer in place of the unreliable tube-based Mark I. The resulting system, ReserVec, started operation in 1962, and took over all booking operations in January 1963. Terminals were placed in all of TCA’s ticketing offices, where queries and bookings took about one second to complete with no remote operators needed.

In 1953, American Airlines CEO C. R. Smith chanced to sit next to R. Blair Smith, a senior IBM sales representative. Their idea of an automated Airline Reservation System (ARS) resulted in a 1959 venture known as the Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment, or SABRE, launched the following year. By the time the network was completed in December 1964 it was the largest non-governmental data processing system in the world.

Other airlines soon established their own systems. Delta Air Lines launched its DATAS in 1968. United Airlines and TWA followed in 1971 with Apollo and PARS respectively. Soon, travel agents began pushing for a system that could automate their side of the process by accessing the various ARSs directly to make reservations. Fearful this would place too much power in the hands of agents, American Airlines executive Robert Crandall proposed creating an industry-wide Computer Reservations System to be a central clearinghouse for U.S. travel; other airlines demurred, citing fear of antitrust prosecution.

In 1976, United began offering its Apollo system to travel agents; while it would allow the agents to book tickets on United’s competitors, the marketing value of the convenient terminal proved indispensable. SABRE, PARS, and DATAS were soon released to travel agents as well. Following airline deregulation in 1978, an efficient CRS proved particularly important; by some counts, Texas Air executive Frank Lorenzo purchased money-losing Eastern Air Lines specifically to gain control of its SystemOne CRS.

European airlines also began to invest in the field in the 1980s, propelled by growth in demand for travel as well as technological advances which allowed the GDS to offer ever-increasing services and searching power. In 1987, a consortium led by Air France and West Germany’s Lufthansa developed Amadeus, modeled on Eastern’s SystemOne. In 1990, Delta, Northwest Airlines, and Trans World Airlines formed Worldspan, and in 1993, another consortium including British Airways, KLM, and United Airlines among others formed competing company, Galileo International, based on United’s Apollo network. Numerous smaller companies have also been formed, aimed at geographic, industry, or language niches inadequately served by the “big four.”


Competitive Concerns resulting from Codesharing

Code sharing results in a single flight that is operated by an airline to be marketed by many other airlines under their own flight number. Although the airlines indicate when a flight is a code-share flight, passengers may not realize that they will be flying on a different airline.

Criticism has been leveled against code sharing by consumer organizations and national departments of trade since it is claimed it is confusing and not transparent to passengers, but thus far without any success.


See also

  • Airline Reservation System
  • List of global distribution systems
  • Ebooking
  • Passenger Name Record
  • Travel technology


External links

  • Consumer Web Watch: Computer Reservations System (CRSs) and Travel Technology
  • Hospitality.net: Galileo International Tells USDOT: Modified Computer Reservation System (CRS) Rules Necessary to Protect Consumers and Competition, 18 March 2003
  • Das, Samipatra. “Global Distribution Systems in Present Times,” Hospitality.net, 30 September 2003
  • Hasbrouck, Edward. The Practical Nomad: “What’s in a Passenger Name Record (PNR)?”
  • European Union: Code of conduct for use of computerized reservation systems (CRS’s)
  • United States Department of Transportation: Computer Reservations System (CRS)
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Estate Archerfield

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

Archerfield can refer to:

  • Archerfield, Queensland, a suburb in Brisbane, Australia
  • Archerfield Airport
  • RAAF Station Archerfield, a former RAAF base at Archerfield Airport
  • Archerfield Estate and Links, a country estate and pair of golf courses in East Lothian, Scotland

Estate Battle of Älgarås

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

The Battle of Älgarås took place at the royal estate of Älgarås () in northernmost Västergötland in November 1205 between the House of Sverker and the House of Erik fighting for the Swedish crown. The brothers Jon, Joar, Knut and Erik Knutsson were staying at the estate when the Sverker clan attacked. All the brothers were slain but Erik.

Th estate was burnt down completely and abandoned, and it is no longer known exactly where it was located. An oral tradition says that it was “2000 paces from the church of Älgarås in the direction where the sun rises in September”.


See also

  • Battle of Lena
  • Battle of Gestilren
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Estate Hippo Valley Estates

Posted in Uncategorized by admin on the January 30th, 2008

Hippo Valley Estates Ltd is the largest producer of sugar in Zimbabwe. Founded in 1956, the company is based in Chiredzi in south-eastern Zimbabwe, on the Runde River near the border with Mozambique.

The company started life as a citrus estate, and canned Hippo Valley fruit was exported across southern Africa until the 1970s, when the estate moved to sugar production. The sugar plantations cover 124 square kilometres, and the company employs around 5,000 people. In 2004, parts of the estate were listed for confiscation by the government of Zimbabwe as part of its land reform project. Hippo valley is an estate encompassed by the triangle estate and the mkwasini estate, all of them producers of sugar plantation.

The company is a publicly listed company on the Zimbabwean stock exchange (under the ticker HIPPO). The Tongaat-Hulett Group Limited is the largest shareholder via it’s wholly-owned subsidiary Triangle Sugar Corporation Limited and owns 50.35% of Hippo Valley Estates. Other shareholders include Tate & Lyle, the British sugar company (10%). Tongaat-Hulett is in turn owned 50.6% by Anglo South Africa Capital (Pty) Ltd


References

  • Hippo Valley pumps from the Runde River